Problem Solving as a Process (steps) part 2

As a process, according to George Polya (1957), problem solving originally has 4 steps. The 1^st step is understanding the problem. In this step, students have to carefully read the problem, capable to point out the principal parts of the problem, the unknown, the data, and the condition. George Polya subdivided this step into two stages: 1) getting acquainted and 2) working for better understanding. The 2^nd step is devising a plan where students consider some possible actions or strategies such as drawing a graph, finding a pattern, or making a list. Furthermore, the next step is carrying out the plan in which students implement a particular plan to solve the problem, if necessary, create a new plan.

Finally, students reflect and look back at what they have done, what worked, and what didn't. This is also important for students since by looking back at the completed solution, by reconsidering and reexamining the result and the path that led to it, students could consolidate and develop their ability to solve problems. All these 4 processes should be seen as a dynamic, non-linear and flexible approach. By using these steps, students will deal more effectively and successfully with most types of mathematical problems.